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Axel Löwen
Axel Löwen (1 November 1686 – 25 July 1773) was a Swedish duke, Serafimer night, commander of Svärdsorden and part of the Swedish privy council.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Brev till Axel Löwen den äldre. - Riksarkivet - Sök i arkiven )〕 Löwen was a volunteer in the Fortification Corps in 1702, got his main military education abroad, and in 1712 became liutenant-quartermaster general (a rank corresponding to lieutenant colonel) in the German provinces. He became noted at the siege of Stade, were he also was taken as a prisoner by the Danes. In 1713 he managed to escape, sneaking during nighttime through the sachisk posts to Stralsund in July 1713.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Löwen, släkt - Svenskt Biografiskt Lexikon )〕
In 1714 he prepared the defences of Wismar, and in 1715 he was part of the siege of Stralsund and took Kudön, close to Stralsund. In 1716 he was part of the campaign in Norway and at the battle of Norderhov he was again captured and became a prisoner of the Danes, Anna Colbjørnsdatter was part of this event.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Löwen nr 84 )〕 He was released in an exchange in 1719, and the same year he became major general and the director of fortifications. He made plans for additional fortifications, amongst them at Oxdjupet (Stockholm), and Hamina and Lappeenranta, both in Finland. In 1731 he became a baron.
From 1746 until his death he was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and in 1751 he became a duke. One of Löwen's daughter's son's sons was the French theatre director Adolphe de Leuven.
==References==
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抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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